{"id":7582,"date":"2015-05-20T07:54:46","date_gmt":"2015-05-20T06:54:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.agitoergosum.com\/?p=7582"},"modified":"2026-08-01T17:40:04","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T14:40:04","slug":"galipler-ve-magluplar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agitoergosum.com\/?p=7582","title":{"rendered":"Galipler ve Ma\u011fluplar"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tarihi, galipler ve ma\u011fluplar, kahramanlar ve korkaklar aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en olaylar zinciri olarak, neredeyse bir bilgisayar oyunu tad\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fimiz i\u00e7in ismine a\u015fina oldu\u011fumuz, fakat nerededir, nas\u0131l gidilir bilmedi\u011fimiz pek \u00e7ok yer vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yunanistan anakaras\u0131nda gezi g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in harita ba\u015f\u0131nda oturmu\u015f tart\u0131\u015f\u0131rken rastlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z iki isim benzer bir \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131mla u\u011fran\u0131lacaklar listesinde yerini al\u0131verdi hemen.<\/span><\/p>\n

Epir Yar\u0131madas\u0131’nda, kuzeyden ve g\u00fcneyden birbirine hilal \u015feklinde yakla\u015fan ince uzun iki \u00a0kara par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n kavu\u015famadan 700 metrelik dar bir bo\u011fazla ayr\u0131lmas\u0131yla olu\u015fan yar\u0131madan\u0131n <\/span>kuzey burnunda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kasaba. <\/span>Bir taraf\u0131nda Akdeniz’in engin mavili\u011fine kar\u0131\u015fan \u0130yon Denizi, di\u011fer taraf\u0131nda a<\/span>nakaran\u0131n i\u00e7erilerine \u00a0yay\u0131lan, ucu buca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fckmeyen, koca bir i\u00e7 deniz, <\/span>Ambracia<\/em> K\u00f6rfezi’yle <\/span>Preveze.<\/strong><\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131k denize \u00e7\u0131kman\u0131n kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131, koylar\u0131n\u0131n saklanmaya elveri\u015flili\u011fi stratejik bir merkez haline getirmi\u015f buray\u0131. <\/span>Bu co\u011frafi \u00f6zelli\u011fiyle de tarih boyunca bir\u00e7ok \u00f6nemli sava\u015fa sahne olmu\u015f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Sezar’\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin ard\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan troyka y\u00f6netimini payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Oktavius<\/em>‘un k\u0131z karde\u015fiyle evliyken, Kleopatra<\/em>‘ya a\u015f\u0131k olan ve Oktavius<\/em>‘la iktidar kavgas\u0131na giren Markus Antonius<\/em>, <\/span>tarihe A<\/em><\/span>ktium Sava\u015f\u0131<\/em> olarak <\/span> ge\u00e7en sava\u015f\u0131 kaybedince <\/span> Preveze’de <\/span>bir eyl\u00fcl sabah\u0131<\/span>, kendisi ve<\/span> Kleopatra <\/em>i\u00e7in <\/span>intiharla sona erecek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f <\/span>(<\/span>M\u00d6 31. yy)<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 ve \u00a0Ha\u00e7l\u0131 donanmalar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya getiren sava\u015f ise Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck deniz zaferi olarak ge\u00e7mi\u015f tarih kitaplar\u0131m\u0131za. Barbaros Hayrettin Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n daha zay\u0131f bir filoyla Andrea Doria y\u00f6netimindeki ha\u00e7l\u0131 donanmas\u0131n\u0131 ma\u011flup etmesi muharebe \u00f6ncesi kad\u0131rgas\u0131n\u0131n iki yan\u0131ndan denize sald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ka\u011f\u0131tlarda yaz\u0131l\u0131 ayetlerin sert cenup r\u00fczgar\u0131n\u0131 kesmesiyle oldu\u011fu kadar, donanmay\u0131 hilal bi\u00e7iminde dizerek olu\u015fturdu\u011fu stratejisi ve c\u00fcretkar manevralar\u0131yla sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f 1538 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n bir ba\u015fka eyl\u00fcl <\/span>g\u00fcn\u00fcnde.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Bir d\u00f6nem Venedik egemenli\u011finde kalan Preveze, Venedik Cumhuriyeti’ne son veren \u00a0Campo Formio<\/em> Anla\u015fmas\u0131’yla E<\/span>kim 1797’de <\/span>Frans\u0131zlara ge\u00e7mi\u015f, ama tam bir y\u0131l sonra Tepedelenli Ali Pa\u015fa y\u00f6netimindeki Osmanl\u0131 ordusu taraf\u0131ndan Frans\u0131z birlikleri ma\u011flup edilerek geri al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f. Sertli\u011fiyle tan\u0131nan, nam\u0131 di\u011fer Yanya Aslan\u0131, Ali Pa\u015fa, ki\u015fisel tarihindeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck katliam\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f ma\u011fluplara kar\u015f\u0131 bu sava\u015f sonras\u0131nda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n hemen \u00f6ncesinde, Osmanl\u0131 ve \u0130talyan ordular\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7 g\u00f6sterisine ve Mustafa Kemal’in hen\u00fcz gen\u00e7 bir y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 iken ilk askeri ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131na sahne olacak Trablusgarp Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n da ilk k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m\u0131, <\/span>yine bir eyl\u00fcl g\u00fcn\u00fcnde<\/span> Preveze’de ya\u015fanan \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmayla at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f <\/span>1911 y\u0131l\u0131nda.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Tarih boyunca, Akdeniz’deki egemenlik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n oda\u011f\u0131nda kalan kent Nazi i\u015fgaline tan\u0131kl\u0131k etti\u011fi \u0130kinci D\u00fc<\/span>nya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda yeni bir sava\u015fa sahne olmu\u015f <\/span>Eyl\u00fcl 1944’de. Yunanistan yak\u0131n tarihinin \u00e7ileli g\u00fcnlerine damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuracak Yunan i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n provas\u0131 niteli\u011finde ve<\/span> 16 g\u00fcn s\u00fcrecek \u015fiddetli bir i\u00e7 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f, bu defa.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Kaderi sava\u015flarla \u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc Preveze, <\/span>taraf\u0131 olmasa da <\/span> ma\u011flubu ve ma\u011fduru olmu\u015f <\/span>her sava\u015f\u0131n<\/span>. Bu ma\u011flubiyet duygusundan m\u0131d\u0131r bilinmez, o g\u00fcnlere dair yaz\u0131tlar, an\u0131tlar, heykeller yok etrafta. Sessiz, sakin bir tatil beldesi art\u0131k. <\/span>Bir zamanlar korsan kad\u0131rgalar\u0131n\u0131n, imparatorluk donanmalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6rfez yat turizmine ev sahipli\u011fi yap\u0131yor g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde. Uzun k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridinde \u00e7ok say\u0131da ince kumlu plaj bulunuyor. <\/span>Kent merkezinde Venedik d\u00f6nemine ili\u015fkin mimari \u00f6rnekler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015fi hat\u0131rlatan tek \u015fey ise 1807 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tepedelenli Ali Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kale. D\u00f6rt k\u00f6\u015fesinde d\u00f6rt burcuyla, kare bir zemine in\u015fa edilmi\u015f. Ortas\u0131nda bir cami, do\u011fu duvar\u0131nda ise bir su de\u011firmeni varm\u0131\u015f bir zamanlar. <\/span>Denize d\u00f6n\u00fck cephesi ve bu cephedeki bur\u00e7lar\u0131 nispeten iyi durumda olsa da, arka sokaklara uzayan sur duvarlar\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131lacak. Sur i\u00e7i ise tam bir mezbelelik. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ambracia<\/em> K\u00f6rfezi’yle \u0130yon Denizi’ni ay\u0131ran bo\u011faz\u0131, deniz alt\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en bir t\u00fcnelle a\u015farak yola devam ediyoruz. \u0130yon Denizi k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki u\u00e7 kaleyi \u00a0pas ge\u00e7erek. Daha gidecek \u00e7ok yolumuz var \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hedefimize varmam\u0131z geceyi buluyor. Yeni dura\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Nafpaktos, ya da bizim a\u015fina oldu\u011fumuz ismiyle \u0130nebaht\u0131<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Nafpaktos, Yunancada tersane anlam\u0131na gelmekte. Ger\u00e7ekten de buras\u0131 Bizans d\u00f6neminden beri \u00f6nemli bir liman ve deniz \u00fcss\u00fc olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Patras K\u00f6rfezi’nden dar bir bo\u011fazla ge\u00e7ilen Korint K\u00f6rfezi’nde stratejik bir \u00f6neme sahipmi\u015f o zamanlar. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi’nde Bizans’\u0131n Latin ordusu taraf\u0131ndan ya\u011fmalanmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Epir Despotlu\u011fu’nun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak kalm\u0131\u015f bir m\u00fcddet, sonra Katalan egemenli\u011fine girmi\u015f. B\u00f6ylece Nafpaktos, Lepanto ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131rken, Korint K\u00f6rfezi de Lepanto K\u00f6rfezi olarak an\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f. Daha sonra sat\u0131\u015f yoluyla Venedik Cumhuriyeti’ne ge\u00e7en Lepanto, Venedik deniz ticaretinin \u00f6nemli bir \u00fcss\u00fc olmu\u015f epeyce bir s\u00fcre. II. Osmanl\u0131-Venedik Sava\u015f\u0131 sonunda 1499’da Osmanl\u0131 egemenli\u011fine ge\u00e7mi\u015f “Aynabaht\u0131”<\/em> ismini alarak.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u011fustos 1571’de K\u0131br\u0131s’\u0131n Osmanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan fethi \u00fczerine Papa V.Pius<\/em>‘un \u00f6n ayak olmas\u0131yla toplanan ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u0130spanyol ve Venediklilerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ha\u00e7l\u0131 donanmas\u0131 Ekim 1571’de \u0130nebaht\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131n\u0131 pek fena bi\u00e7imde ma\u011flup etmi\u015f. Yenilginin nedeni Osmanl\u0131 donanmas\u0131n\u0131n denizcilikle ilgisi olmayan bir kara subay\u0131 komutas\u0131nda sava\u015fa girmesi olarak yorumlansa da, d\u00f6nemin sadrazam\u0131 Sokullu Mehmet Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n Avrupa devletlerini Osmanl\u0131’ya kar\u015f\u0131 ittifaka sevk edece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6rerek K\u0131br\u0131s’\u0131n fethine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131, fakat Divan-\u0131 H\u00fcmayun’u ikna edemedi\u011fi yaz\u0131l\u0131 tarih kitaplar\u0131nda.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Surlarla \u00e7evrili, giri\u015fi bur\u00e7larla s\u00fcsl\u00fc ufak liman \u0130nebaht\u0131’n\u0131n simgesi bug\u00fcn. Osmanl\u0131 minyat\u00fcr ustas\u0131 Matrak\u00e7\u0131 Nasuh’un bu limana ili\u015fkin bir tasviri Topkap\u0131 M\u00fczesi K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi ar\u015fivinde saklan\u0131yor. Liman surlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda bir heykel y\u00fckseliyor. \u0130nebaht\u0131 Muharebesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Ha\u00e7l\u0131 donanmas\u0131nda ate\u015fli, gen\u00e7 bir asker olarak \u00e7arp\u0131\u015farak sol elini kaybeden \u0130spanyol yazar Cervantes<\/em>‘in an\u0131s\u0131na dikilmi\u015f. Liman\u0131n arkas\u0131nda yer alan meydanda da Yunan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k hareketinin \u00f6nemli isimlerinden birine ait bir b\u00fcst y\u00fckseliyor mermer bir s\u00fctun \u00fczerinde. Nafpaktos bu haliyle galibiyetlerini hat\u0131rlayan ve hat\u0131rlatan bir hava sergiliyor, Preveze’nin aksine. Osmanl\u0131 devrine ait nadir eserlerden biri ise liman\u0131n biraz ilerisindeki Fethiye Camisi. \u0130nebaht\u0131’n\u0131n fethinden sonra II.Beyaz\u0131t taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Minaresi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ilk bak\u0131\u015fta cami oldu\u011funu anlamak g\u00fc\u00e7.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a> \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Meydana a\u00e7\u0131lan dar sokaklardan, yoku\u015f yukar\u0131 ilerleyerek kente h\u00e2kim tepedeki kaleye ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Arnavut kald\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 sokaklardaki ta\u015f evlere, yukar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a e\u015fsiz bir deniz manzaras\u0131 e\u015flik ediyor. \u0130lk \u00e7a\u011flardan beri bu tepede bir kale var olmu\u015f daima. Son hali ise Venedik d\u00f6neminden miras kalm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze. <\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/a><\/p>\n

Korint K\u00f6rfezi’nin Akdeniz’e a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktada bo\u011faz\u0131n iki yakas\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftiren Patras K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor \u00f6tede. \u0130lk defa 2500 y\u0131l \u00f6nce hayal edilmi\u015f olsa da ancak 19.<\/span>y\u00fczy\u0131lda Mora Yar\u0131madas\u0131’n\u0131 anakaraya ba\u011flayan k\u0131sta\u011f\u0131n kaz\u0131lmas\u0131yla ger\u00e7e\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen 6 kilometrelik Korint Kanal\u0131 ise \u00e7\u0131plak g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclemeyecek kadar uzakta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bir zamanlar galiplerin yelken a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 sular, ma\u011fluplar\u0131n g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc derinlikler ise g\u00f6z alabildi\u011fine <\/span>ma\u011frur<\/span>, g\u00f6z alabildi\u011fine <\/span>mavi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131 ve foto\u011fraflar: Y\u00fcce Ayhan<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00fczik: Chris Spheeris\u00a0–<\/strong>Invisible Hands<\/em><\/span><\/p>\nhttp:\/\/www.agitoergosum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Invisible-Hands.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n

Tarihi galipler ve ma\u011fluplar, kahramanlkar ve korkaklar aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en olaylar zinciri olarak bir bilgisayar oyunu tad\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fimiz i\u00e7in <\/span><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 Tarihi, galipler ve ma\u011fluplar, kahramanlar ve korkaklar aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en olaylar zinciri olarak, neredeyse bir bilgisayar oyunu tad\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fimiz i\u00e7in ismine a\u015fina oldu\u011fumuz, fakat nerededir, nas\u0131l gidilir bilmedi\u011fimiz pek \u00e7ok yer vard\u0131r. Yunanistan anakaras\u0131nda gezi g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in harita ba\u015f\u0131nda oturmu\u015f tart\u0131\u015f\u0131rken rastlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z iki isim benzer bir \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131mla u\u011fran\u0131lacaklar listesinde yerini al\u0131verdi hemen.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7582","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-yunanistan","czr-hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.agitoergosum.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7582","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.agitoergosum.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.agitoergosum.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.agitoergosum.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.agitoergosum.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7582"}],"version-history":[{"count":213,"href":"https:\/\/www.agitoergosum.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7582\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10237,"href":"https:\/\/www.agitoergosum.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7582\/revisions\/10237"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.agitoergosum.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7582"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.agitoergosum.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7582"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.agitoergosum.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7582"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}