{"id":3301,"date":"2012-12-21T13:19:01","date_gmt":"2012-12-21T12:19:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.agitoergosum.com\/?p=3301"},"modified":"2012-12-24T09:52:54","modified_gmt":"2012-12-24T08:52:54","slug":"21-aralik-2012-kainatin-sonu-mu-kehanetin-efsunu-mu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agitoergosum.com\/?p=3301","title":{"rendered":"21 Aral\u0131k 2012: Kainat\u0131n sonu mu? Kehanetin efsunu mu?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yaz\u0131 ve Foto\u011fraflar: <\/span><\/em>Y\u00fcce Ayhan<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00fczik: <\/span><\/em>Itzamkan <\/span><\/em><\/strong>– <\/span><\/em>Olmeteotl <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

(Instrumentos Prehispanica)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6ncesinde kurgulay\u0131p b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 zaman dizininin, kainat\u0131n sonuna dair bir kehanete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fece\u011fini tahmin etmi\u015fler miydi bilinmez ama mayalar\u0131n do\u011fal engeller d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131r tan\u0131mad\u0131klar\u0131 a\u015fikar. \u00a0Yoksa Meksika, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras’\u0131 ay\u0131ran, insan eliyle \u00e7izilmi\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlara sahip orta Amerika’da “d\u00fczensiz” bir uygarl\u0131k kurmazlard\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

U\u00e7ak al\u00e7al\u0131rken, alt\u0131m\u0131zda serili ye\u015fil \u00f6rt\u00fcy\u00fc yayg\u0131n bir makilik zannetmi\u015ftik \u00f6nce. Oysa biraz sonra, kiral\u0131k arac\u0131m\u0131zla yar\u0131madan\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131na do\u011fru ilerlerken koca bir cang\u0131l\u0131n ortas\u0131nda bulduk kendimizi. Yucatan<\/em> yar\u0131madas\u0131 mayalar\u0131n izini s\u00fcrmeye ba\u015flamak i\u00e7in en uygun co\u011frafya. Bir kere onlardan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kalan \u00e7ok ciddi bir tarihsel miras var b\u00f6lgede. Ayr\u0131ca Meksika\u2019n\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerine ya da orta Amerika\u2019n\u0131n di\u011fer \u00fclkelerine g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha g\u00fcvenli. Bunda Meksika k\u00f6rfezine uzanan yar\u0131madan\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal g\u00fczelliklere sahip olmas\u0131 ve kar\u015f\u0131 yakadaki Florida k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na k\u0131yasla \u00e7ok daha ucuz olmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan yo\u011fun turist kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00a0da etkili.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Maya takviminin 5126 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn sonuna 5-6 ay kalm\u0131\u015fken Yucatan<\/em>\u2019\u0131 ziyaret etmemiz sadece bir tesad\u00fcft\u00fc ama kehanetin efsununa ister istemez kapt\u0131rd\u0131k biz de kendimizi.\u00a0 Uzun zaman dizinlerinden olu\u015fan maya takviminin k\u0131yamet histerisine soktu\u011fu insanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun, atalar\u0131 mayalar\u0131 ilkel yerliler olarak g\u00f6ren s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeciler oldu\u011funu an\u0131msay\u0131nca insan yad\u0131rgamadan edemiyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/em><\/p>\n

Yar\u0131madada en fazla bilinen ve en \u00e7ok ziyaret\u00e7i \u00e7eken maya \u015fehri, <\/span>Chichen itza<\/strong><\/em>. \u015eehrin en g\u00f6zde yap\u0131s\u0131 olan ve ispanyollarca “<\/span>el castillo”<\/em> olarak an\u0131lan piramit ise mayalar\u0131n y\u0131lan tanr\u0131 <\/span>Kukulcan<\/em><\/strong>‘a adad\u0131klar\u0131 bir mimari harikas\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu etkileyici an\u0131t muhte\u015fem g\u00f6rselli\u011fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda mayalar\u0131n astronomi ve matematik bilgilerini g\u00f6stermesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da ilgin\u00e7. Kukulcan <\/em><\/strong>piramidi 9 terastan olu\u015fuyor. Ancak her y\u00fcz\u00fcnde birer merdiven var. Merdivenler ise 91 basamakla tepeye ula\u015f\u0131p bir platformda bulu\u015fuyor ve b\u00f6ylece \u00a0toplamda 365 basamak ediyor. Merdiven basamaklar\u0131n\u0131n dibinde ise iki y\u0131lan ba\u015f\u0131 yer al\u0131yor. Bu ta\u015f heykeller sadece s\u00fcsleme ama\u00e7l\u0131 de\u011fil. G\u00fcnd\u00f6n\u00fcmlerinde, yani 21 Haziran ve 21 Aral\u0131k tarihlerinde g\u00fcne\u015fin hareketiyle piramitin k\u00f6\u015felerinde olu\u015fan g\u00f6lgeler tepeden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya k\u0131vr\u0131larak inen bir y\u0131lan imgesi yarat\u0131yor \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bi\u00e7imde. G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnden gelen y\u0131lan tanr\u0131n\u0131n yery\u00fcz\u00fcne inmesini sahneleyen bu g\u00f6lge oyununu, <\/span>zaman\u0131nda<\/span> <\/span> mayalar g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yaratm\u0131\u015flar ama <\/span>her gece <\/span>yapay \u0131\u015f\u0131kla<\/span> yeniden yarat\u0131l\u0131p <\/span>turistlere pazarlanan bir \u00a0g\u00f6steri olmu\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u015eehrin g\u00f6zal\u0131c\u0131 tek yap\u0131s\u0131 piramit de\u011fil. Piramitin d\u00f6rt bir taraf\u0131nda da \u00f6nemli yap\u0131lar var. Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131<\/em> ve Jaguarlar tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131<\/em> gibi s\u00fctunlar ve heykellerle s\u00fcsl\u00fc \u00f6nemli dinsel yap\u0131lar yan\u0131nda sarmall\u0131 bir merdiven bi\u00e7iminde tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir de rasathane –el caracol<\/em>–<\/em> var. \u015eehirde ondan fazla oyun sahas\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyor ama Chichen itza<\/em>‘n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck\u00a0oyun sahas\u0131 orta Amerika’da bilinenlerin en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc. Ta\u015f bloklarla s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirlenmi\u015f geni\u015f bir alandaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 duvarlarda bulunan iki dikey halkadan top ge\u00e7irilmesine dayal\u0131 bir tak\u0131m oyunu i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bu sahan\u0131n \u015fenlikler ve kutlamalarda da i\u015flev \u00fcstlendi\u011fi s\u00f6yleniyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Mayalar\u0131n izindeki ikinci dura\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Ek Balam<\/strong><\/em> yani Kara Panter<\/strong><\/em>. Kolonyal d\u00f6nemde kurulmu\u015f \u00f6neml<\/span>i kentlerden olan Valladolid’in 25-30 km kuzeyinde yer alan bu \u015fehir, t<\/span>ur otob\u00fcslerinin g\u00fczergah\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in olsa gerek \u00e7ok daha sakin. Asl\u0131nda 12 kilometrekarelik devasa bir alana yay\u0131lan \u015fehrin \u00e7ok az bir k\u0131sm\u0131 toprak \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. \u015eehir merkezini<\/span> \u00e7evreleyen surlar b\u00f6lgedeki nadir \u00f6rneklerden. Surlar\u0131n k\u0131smen savunma ama\u00e7l\u0131 olabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclse de esas i\u015flevinin \u015fehrin ortas\u0131nda y\u00f6netici ve soylular i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir alan yaratmak oldu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131yor. Surlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki kemerli kap\u0131dan ilerleyince \u00f6nce sarmal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcml\u00fc bir yap\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yoruz. \u00a0“Oval saray”<\/em> olarak tan\u0131mlanan bu yap\u0131n\u0131n hem rasathane olarak i\u015flev g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hemde t\u00f6rensel olaylara ev sahipli\u011fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Oval saray\u0131n hemen \u00f6tesinde ispanyollar\u0131n “las gemelas-ikizler”<\/em> olarak isimlendirdi\u011fi\u00a0iki biti\u015fik tap\u0131nak var.\u00a0\u0130leride, kar\u015f\u0131da <\/span>b\u00fct\u00fcn azametiyle <\/span>y\u00fckselen <\/span>akropol<\/span> –“el torre”<\/em> \u015fehrin en g\u00f6steri\u015fli yap\u0131s\u0131 olarak <\/span>bekliyor ziyaret\u00e7ilerini. Akropol\u00fcn ortas\u0131ndan yukar\u0131 do\u011fru uzanan basamaklar\u0131 t\u0131rmand\u0131k\u00e7a sol taraftaki “canavar a\u011fz<\/em>\u0131”ndan g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc alam\u0131yoruz. \u0130nce ta\u015f i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fiyle bezenmi\u015f “canavar a\u011fz\u0131”<\/em>nda yer alan kap\u0131dan bir kral mezar\u0131na giriliyor ama <\/span>mayalara g\u00f6re \u00f6teki d\u00fcnyaya uzanan \u00a0bir ge\u00e7it buras\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Akropol\u00fcn en tepesinde ise manzara m\u00fcthi\u015f, u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z <\/span>g\u00f6z alabildi\u011fine <\/span>bir orman. Havan\u0131n berrak oldu\u011fu \u00a0g\u00fcnlerde buradan 48 km uzaktaki <\/span>Coba’<\/em>n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131plak g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclebildi\u011fi s\u00f6ylense de havadaki s\u0131cak ve nemden kaynaklanan pus y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ne Coba<\/em>‘y\u0131 ne de Chizchen itza<\/em>‘ya uzanan antik maya yolu sacbe<\/em> ‘yi, yani “beyaz yol<\/em>“u g\u00f6remeden ayr\u0131l\u0131yoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\n\"\"<\/a>Ertesi sabah hedefimiz\u00a0Coba. <\/em>Mayalardan miras kalan en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerden biri olan Coba<\/em>, “r\u00fczgar\u0131n k\u0131pra\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 sular” <\/em><\/strong>anlam\u0131na geliyor. <\/em><\/strong><\/span>Antik maya kentlerinin \u00e7o\u011fu yer \u00fcst\u00fc su kaynaklar\u0131ndan yoksun oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in<\/span> cenote<\/em> ad\u0131 verilen yeralt\u0131 g\u00f6llerinin yak\u0131n\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f. Buras\u0131 ise d<\/span>i\u011fer maya yerle\u015fimlerinden farkl\u0131 olarak iki lag\u00fcn\u00fcn aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. Tropikal bir orman\u0131n i\u00e7inde \u00e7ok say\u0131da piramitten olu\u015fan \u015fehir 80 kilometrekarelik bir alana yay\u0131l\u0131yor.\u00a0“Koca tepe”<\/em> anlam\u0131na gelen\u00a0Nohoc mu<\/em>l <\/em><\/strong>sadece \u015fehrin de\u011fil <\/span>Yucatan<\/em>‘\u0131n da en b\u00fcy\u00fck piramidi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Coba, <\/em><\/span>2012 kehaneti a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ayr\u0131 bir \u00f6neme sahip. Maya takviminde bir<\/span> tun<\/strong> 360 <\/span>kin <\/em><\/strong>(g\u00fcn)’den olu\u015fuyor. Yirmi <\/span>tun<\/strong> bir <\/span>katun<\/em><\/strong>, 20<\/span> katun<\/strong><\/em> ise 1 <\/span>baktun <\/em><\/strong>ediyor. \u0130\u015fte 2012 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n 21 Aral\u0131k g\u00fcn\u00fcnde maya takvimi, tarihi <\/span>13.0.0.0.0<\/strong> olarak g\u00f6steriyor. Bu, 13. baktun<\/strong> sona erip 14.baktun<\/strong> ba\u015fl\u0131yor demek. On\u00fc\u00e7 rakam\u0131n\u0131n u\u011fursuzlu\u011funa y\u00f6nelik inanc\u0131n da etkisiyle olsa gerek 13.baktunun sona eri\u015fi \u00a0k\u0131yamet habercisi \u00a0bir kehanet olarak alg\u0131land\u0131 yayg\u0131n bi\u00e7imde. <\/span>Coba<\/em>‘da bulunan dikilita\u015flardan birisinin kitabesinde \u00f6nceden bilinen zaman dizinlerinin devam\u0131 olan <\/span>piktun<\/strong><\/em> (20 baktun), <\/span>kalabtun<\/em><\/strong> (20 piktun), <\/span>kinchiltun<\/em><\/strong> (20 kalabrun) ve <\/span>alautun<\/em><\/strong> (20 kinchiltun) gibi yeni zaman dizinlerinin bulunmas\u0131 kimileri i\u00e7in kehanetin bo\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelse de ayn\u0131 kitabede 13 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 13 kez tekrarland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir tarihin yer almas\u0131 baz\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kehaneti do\u011frulayan bir kan\u0131t olarak de\u011ferlendirmi\u015f.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span>Mayalar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fa g\u00f6re olduk\u00e7a bilimsel bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla kurgulad\u0131klar\u0131 takvimin, bilim ve teknolojinin doru\u011funda oldu\u011fumuzu sand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda bo\u015f inan\u00e7lar\u0131n, kof kehanetlerin arac\u0131 olmas\u0131 \u00e7ok inan\u0131lmaz g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de <\/span>ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n, <\/span> inan\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda, kavgalar\u0131nda \u00f6rneklerine bolca rastlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir cahiliye devri <\/em>‘ne evrildi\u011fi de\u00a0muhakkak.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130ki g\u00fcne s\u0131\u011fd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fc\u00e7 maya \u015fehrinden sadece hayranl\u0131kla d\u00f6nmedik \u00fclkemize. Gidemedi\u011fimiz, yan\u0131ndan y\u00f6resinden ge\u00e7memize ra\u011fmen \u00a0zaman bulup g\u00f6remedi\u011fimiz Tikal, Palanque,\u00a0Uxmal, Tulum<\/em> gibi niceleri akl\u0131m\u0131zda kald\u0131. <\/span>Ne yapal\u0131m, k<\/span>\u0131smet 14.baktun’a art\u0131k…<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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\n<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yaz\u0131 ve Foto\u011fraflar: Y\u00fcce Ayhan M\u00fczik: Itzamkan – Olmeteotl (Instrumentos Prehispanica) Y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6ncesinde kurgulay\u0131p b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 zaman dizininin, kainat\u0131n sonuna dair bir kehanete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fece\u011fini tahmin etmi\u015fler miydi bilinmez ama mayalar\u0131n do\u011fal engeller d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131r tan\u0131mad\u0131klar\u0131 a\u015fikar. \u00a0Yoksa Meksika, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras’\u0131 ay\u0131ran, insan eliyle \u00e7izilmi\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlara sahip orta Amerika’da “d\u00fczensiz” bir uygarl\u0131k kurmazlard\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3301","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-orta-amerika"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.agitoergosum.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3301","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.agitoergosum.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.agitoergosum.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.agitoergosum.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.agitoergosum.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3301"}],"version-history":[{"count":368,"href":"https:\/\/www.agitoergosum.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3301\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4694,"href":"https:\/\/www.agitoergosum.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3301\/revisions\/4694"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.agitoergosum.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3301"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.agitoergosum.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3301"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.agitoergosum.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3301"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}